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From Prometheus # 1 - September 2010

The Neverending Story The precarious
school in Italy by Stefano Micheletti

The insecurity in the school has always existed. The start teaching has always been characterized by the first substitutes and gradually from access to the role. Everyone considered him a kind of apprenticeship, for better or bad, necessary. But in recent decades is becoming increasingly precarious connoting, at school, but in the labor market in general, not as an initial and transitional period of life, but as a kind of existential condition, the precarious life in fact. So much so that now the news of faculty and sixties, who retire without seeing the contract change from temporary to permanent, no longer give rise to noise. Who then enter into the role after many years in an alternate reality will lead a life forever - in terms of income - precarious will have a "career" precarious (under reconstruction of his career, In fact, only the first 4 years pre-approved role are integers, the rest for two thirds), but most will have a pension from hunger, given the weeks of summer are not covered by contributions, except those "imputed" the unemployment .
Let's see how and why we got here. Let's start with an article Tuttoscuola of 6 September. Virtually
recruitment into the role should be performed on all vacancies. But this is not an automatic discharge by the school administration, because the Law 449/1997 provides that the assumptions should be authorized by the Presidency of the Council after consulting the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Thus, if the number entries in the role does not cover the seats vacated by retirement (as happened in the early years of this decade), you should consider the appointment of teachers with temporary contracts. If there is no authorization for reimbursement (happened to two years in 2002/03 and 2003/04), obviously the level of teachers with temporary contracts rising alarmingly. Two other factors have a significant effect on rising concomitantly with teachers on temporary contracts in that period: in support of waiver and failure between the organic and the forecast of fact. Support: there was the steady increase in the number of posts in support of exemption (to be given by law only to temporary staff) more than doubled since 98/99, when he was under 20 thousand units, and came to almost 47 thousand in 2006-07. About Organic Law (estimated) and actual situation, in 2006-07 - for example - there was a difference of almost 2,500 classrooms in more than (375,722 were anticipated and were actually activated 378,034) that resulted in 7 - 8 000 nominations in the most precarious. The rest, as had always happened in those years, did it turn over. In short, a policy of staff employed by the terms of the budget has affected the stabilization in the school and fed the poor appointments, to the detriment of educational continuity and quality of training, especially in secondary schools before 2000 Teaching precarious meant mainly secondary school teacher with a fixed term contract, because in other areas, the incidence of non-tenured teachers had little more than physiological. From the 2001-02 school also significantly increases the presence of temporary teachers, quickly reaching the same percentage of temporary teachers of upper secondary [...].
short, the ramblings of Gelmini, but also of representatives of political party today is not the government (we have a certain modesty in writing "opposition"), the ranking of the precarious artificially enlarged or ineffective recruitment and training systems that have created the monster, are nonsense: the heart of the matter is that there is precarious, because it is a matter of exploitation. L 449/97, with which it is provided that the assumptions in the school must be authorized each time by the Ministry of Economy, is the Budget Act of 1998. The Presidency of the Council of Ministers is Prodi, the Treasury and Finance Ciampi Visco. These are the years in which the fabled magnificent and progressive flexibility. The years in which D'Alema proclaims the end of the "job", in which Berlinguer Bassanini and prepare for the advent of so-called school autonomy, in a flexible and dell'aziendalizzazione della scuola. Sono gli anni del “pacchetto Treu” che introduce nel mercato del lavoro innumerevoli forme di contratti flessibili e precari, dispositivi poi peggiorati dalla L 30 varata dal centrodestra.
Le assunzioni in ruolo avvengono sui posti vacanti di organico di diritto, che però non corrispondono mai all’organico di fatto necessario per garantire il servizio scolastico. E negli ultimi anni la forbice tra odd e odf si è sempre più allargata. Qualcuno ricorda ancora le polemiche innescate dalle associazioni di precari della scuola sulla pubblicazione di un carteggio tra l’allora (1997) ministro delle Finanze Visco e l’allora ragioniere generale dello Stato Monorchio, in ordine alla preparazione/discussione della legge finanziaria per il 1998. In questo carteggio Visco sosteneva candidamente che nella scuola conveniva mantenere il maggior numero possibile di posti in odf, senza stabilizzarli in odd, perché, essendo i posti di fatto occupati da personale con contratto a tempo determinato, il RISPARMIO per l’Amministrazione sarebbe stato notevole.
Come sappiamo, i supplenti fino al termine delle attività didattiche - la maggioranza - sono occupati sui posti di fatto e non percepiscono lo stipendio nei mesi estivi, mentre tutti, anche i supplenti annuali che percepiscono lo stipendio in estate, non godono della progressione di carriera. Mediamente, al lordo, per ogni contratto a td rispetto a ogni contratto a ti, il risparmio allora ammontava a 14 milioni £. Calculations and tables were published in the technical reports attached to the L 449/97 which removed the automatic assumptions about job vacancies, subject to authorization of the Minister of Economy.
Also in December 2006 when it passed the 2007 Budget which provides for a feasibility plan for three-year role in the release of 150 thousand and 20 thousand teachers Ata, then become 30 thousand, and Premier Romano Prodi, Minister of Economy and Finance, another banker , Padoa Schioppa. Many then tried to remove what was a "promise", given that each year the entries in the role would have to have permission to Schioppa. The plan was also criticized for was in fact consistent with the policies of the cuts in staff (confirmed in the White paper on School Minister Fioroni published in September 2007) and forecasts on retirement. In fact, the role in hiring 150 thousand in three years would have only guaranteed the turn-over, even after the cuts were being considered (which does not deviate from those of the L 133/08: Gelmini has always rightly claimed that the numbers of its cuts Fioroni came from the notebook). It would not have solved the problem of insecurity in the school. Calculations and illustrative tables published in the technical reports attached to the 2007 budget showed the complete compatibility of the recruitment plan. Indeed, with the gradual recovery turn-over of the Administration considerable savings, as a retired teacher comes up to career and salary corresponding table, while a new employee takes a post at level 0 of career and salary. However, despite the gradual recruitment plan on vacancies of odd, would remain in odf thousands of seats on which to place alternates until the end of teaching activities, on average, paid less than € 9,000 in the year of the permanent staff.
Those who criticized the plan advocated instead of hiring at least 150 thousand taking up all available seats, the repeal of that provision of L 449/97 that Prodi had put himself on the advice of "vampire" Visco. In all years from 1998 onwards, in fact, the assumptions have been authorized with the dropper and a ridiculous percentage of vacancies of odd. For this school year, despite cuts in overtime L 133, odd vacancies for teaching staff amounted to 30 thousand units, but were given only 10 thousand, not to mention the ATA (1 in 2 has a contract to td) : Faced with thousands of vacant posts, have been employed only 6,500. Romano Prodi, the Government in 2006-08, to start solving the problem of insecurity in the school could not be included in Finance Act feasibility plans (promises), but simply to repeal a provision that Romano Prodi was launched in 1997. But probably not even the center wishes to discontinue the exploitation of precarious workers in the school.
Today, in this climate of uncertainty, where possible election campaign promises and mark the times of political support, as an alternative to the cuts Gelmini-Tremonti and the slaughter of our brothers precarious South (the South is not the cuts were offset by retirements and increase in students), the old plan of 150 thousand entries in Prodi's role means a further mockery. If you must promise something, you promise to repeal the rule of the L 449/97, restoring the automaticity of assumptions about all available positions.